What is a Power Inverter?
A Power inverter is a simple electronic configuration that can translate a DC current from a device such as a car battery into an alternating current AC. Power inverters have become an important part of our daily lives as they provide instantaneous backup power in case of any power failure such as a blackout. They are easy to maintain & are always worth the financial investment. So, in today’s tutorial, we are going to design a simple 12V DC to 220 V AC 200W Power Inverter circuit Using a CD4047 Monostable/Astable Multivibrator IC.
The heart of this circuit is a CD4047 IC. CD4047 is a gateable astable multivibrator with logic techniques incorporated to permit positive or negative edge-triggered monostable multivibrator action with retriggering and external counting options. Here we are using the CD4047 in astable mode. An astable multivibrator is a free-running square wave signal oscillator. With no external signal applied, the transistors alternately switch from cutoff to saturation state at a frequency that RC time constants of the coupling circuit determine. In order to use the CD4047 IC in Astable mode, you need to set pin 5 to HIGH and Pin 4 of the IC to LOW. This way, you will be able to get constantly fluctuating output between HIGH and LOW, thus mirroring the behavior of a free running DC square wave.
Hardware Component
You will need the following parts to build this project:
| S.No | Component | Value | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1) | Multivibrator IC | CD4047 | 1 |
| 2) | N-Channel MOSFET | IRFZ44n | 2 |
| 3) | Transformer | Step up, 12V/220V, 3A, C.T, 50Hz, 5mAH | 1 |
| 4) | AC Bulb with Holder | 220V | 1 |
| 5) | Power resistors | 1/2W, 100 Ohms | 1 |
| 6) | Film Capacitor | 0.22uF (224J) | 1 |
| 7) | Resistors | 10K | 1 |
| 8) | Soldering Iron | 45W – 65W | 1 |
| 9) | Soldering Wire with flux | – | 1 |
| 10) | DC Battery | 12V | 1 |
| 11) | Battery clips | – | 1 |
| 12) | Veroboard | – | 1 |
| 13) | Alligator clips | – | 2 |
| 13) | Jumper Wires | – | As per need |
CD4047 Pinout
IRFZ44 Pinout
Useful Steps
1) Solder the CD4047 IC on the veroboard.
2) After that, solder two 10K resistor in series between pin 2 and pin 3 of the IC.
3) Solder a 0.22uF film capacitor between pin 1 and pin 3 of the IC. After that, Solder four 1/4W or two 1/2W 100 Ohm resistors from pin 10 & 11 to the gate terminal of the IRFZ44n MOSFETs.
4) After that, Solder the source terminal of both MOSFETS with pin no. 7, 8, 9, and 12 of the CD4047 IC.
5) Solder the +ve terminals of the 12V/220V C.T transformer primary side with the drain terminals of the MOSFETs. After solder the middle terminal with pin4, 5, 6, and 14 of the IC.
6) After that, connect the +ve terminal of the battery with pin 7, 8, 9, and 12 of the IC and the +ve terminal with pin 4, 5, 6, and 14 of the IC.
7) Power up and test the circuit.
Circuit Diagram For 200W Power Inverter
Working Explanation
The working of this circuit is as follows. A 12V DC signal serves as the input to the CD4047. Here the CD4047 is running in astable multivibrator mode in order to generate a free running square wave. On powering up the circuit, a square wave signal is generated by the multivibrator circuit, but, in order to run an AC device without any issues, we require a pure AC sine wave signal.
To achieve this result, we feed the square wave output of the multivibrator circuit to two IRFZ44n MOSFETs. Here the two IRFZ44 function as a DC Chopper. Hence they chop up up the excess RMS voltage of the square waveform output of the multivibrator into a somewhat noisy sine wave signal. The output sine wave signal is then fed to a 12V to 220V step-up transformer, which bumps up the voltage to the desirable AC level of 220V. You can connect an LC configuration in parallel to the output of the transformer to further reduce the noise & improve the waveform of the AC output signal. In order to rate this inverter circuit at 200W, be sure to use a transformer of 5mAH.
Applications
- They are used in devices such as UPS, fuel cells, and solar power systems in order to provide backup in case of a power failure.
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